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There are still people so powerful they manage to use Windows XP in this day and age. My intuition says most people will be able to use Windows 10 for at least one more decade with minimal issues, after that it will gradually become trickier, but it will still be usable even in 20-30 years with advanced hacks if humanity doesn’t go extinct by then.
There could be alternative to state with its own police. If alternative to state is some kind of unions/syndicates, it could mean, there are, for example, Team Space (Union of Spaceship Institutions + some relevant Universities and Industry Manufacturers) and Team Earth (Union of Agricultural Manufacturers + Farmers + Union of Solar Energy Organisations) represented in the same city. Each of those have their own police funded by their own taxpayers. There could be many such “teams” in the same city, and they together manage infrastructure and security in the city. I think it’s important that those teams are kind of “omnipresent”, meaning the same team is present in many locations throughout the planet. For example there could be multiple dozens of such teams, and each city on the planet is run by some combination of those teams, which depends on variety of cultural and economic concerns and interests of such teams.